
Ivan Mazepa — Ukraine's hero, Russia's devil
'From Bohdan Khmelnytsky to Ivan Mazepa, there were no hetmans.'
This old, hyperbolic Ukrainian saying shows just how large Mazepa looms in the region's history.
A man of many worlds, the Orthodox nobleman born near Kyiv climbed from the Polish royal court and studies in Western Europe to become hetman — a military and political leader of the Ukrainian Cossack Hetmanate, a state that once spanned much of central and eastern Ukraine — and a trusted ally of Russian Tsar Peter I.
When he ultimat


















