TORTURE CULTURE: Investigating Russia’s use of torture throughout history

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Author

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Ben Harris

Ben Harris is the vice president and director of Economic Studies at the Brookings Institution. As a scholar, Harris focuses on public finance and macroeconomics. With Martin Baily, he is the author of the book “The Retirement Challenge: What’s Wrong with America’s System and a Sensible Way to Fix It” (Oxford University Press, 2023). He was assistant secretary for economic policy and chief economist at the Treasury Department from 2021-2023.

Articles

tanker Boracay from Russia’s so-called “shadow fleet” off the coast of Saint-Nazaire, France, on Oct. 1, 2025.

The one problem with Russia's shadow fleet Europe still hasn't addressed

by Ben Harris, Robin Brooks
Contrary to the rhetoric coming out of the Kremlin, the Russian economy is faltering. After years of growth propped up by military spending, Russia's economy slowed to a standstill in 2025. Unfortunately, the energy trade remains just strong enough to sustain Russian tax revenues: without the steady inflow of hard currency from energy exports, Russia would be unable to continue its murderous invasion of Ukraine. This dependence on energy exports is a vulnerability the West has never fully expl